Tuesday, July 19, 2011

The Dodecad Oracle v1

Here is a little fun tool that tests the Dodecad v3 admixture proportions of an individual against all the reference populations, but also against the best pairwise combinations of these populations.

You need to install R to use it, and then download the program and double click on the file DodecadOracleV1.RData that can be found within the rar file. You will then be faced with a command prompt where you can enter the following commands:

Examining which populations are available

Just enter

X[,1]

You will see a list of 227 populations. You can use these population IDs in the next section.

Which populations are closest to a particular population?

Enter:

DodecadOracle("British_D")
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "British_D" "0"
[2,] "British_Isles_D" "0.9798"
[3,] "Cornwall_1KG" "1.1533"
[4,] "Kent_1KG" "2.265"
[5,] "Irish_D" "3.7643"
[6,] "Dutch_D" "4.5354"
[7,] "Mixed_Germanic_D" "6.8971"
[8,] "Norwegian_D" "11.3111"
[9,] "Orkney_1KG" "12.4652"
[10,] "Orcadian" "12.8195"

If you want to find e.g., the top-30 populations, rather than just the top-10, enter:

DodecadOracle("British_D", k=30)

Which populations are closer to a particular individual?

Enter the admixture proportions of the individual (from the "Individual results" tab of the spreadsheet) as follows:

DodecadOracle(c(4.6, 16.7, 33.6, 0, 23.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.6, 0.7, 14.1, 4.5, 0.2))
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "Ashkenazi_D" "3.7908"
[2,] "Ashkenazy_Jews" "4.1473"
[3,] "Morocco_Jews" "6.338"
[4,] "S_Italian_Sicilian_D" "12.5443"
[5,] "Sephardic_Jews" "13.5067"
[6,] "C_Italian_D" "14.4554"
[7,] "Sicilian_D" "14.7469"
[8,] "S_Italian_D" "15.748"
[9,] "Tuscan_X" "15.9981"
[10,] "O_Italian_D" "16.1474"

Once again, you can specify k=30, if you desire the 30 top matching populations instead of the default 10.

Mixed Mode

You use mixed mode by adding mixedmode=T in any of the commands. The program then considers all pairs of populations, and for each one of them calculates the minimum distance to the sample in consideration, and the admixture proportions that produce it; population pairs where the distance to one of the two populations is smaller than to any admixture of the two are ignored.

Example:

DodecadOracle("Pathan",mixedmode=T)
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "Pathan" "0"
[2,] "84.8% Pakistani + 15.2% Urkarah" "1.075"
[3,] "84% Pakistani + 16% Stalskoe" "1.1555"
[4,] "63.9% TN_Brahmin + 36.1% Urkarah" "1.6669"
[5,] "32.4% Urkarah + 67.6% Meghawal" "2.3516"
[6,] "56.3% INS + 43.7% Urkarah" "2.4901"
[7,] "11.5% Adygei + 88.5% Pakistani" "2.6245"
[8,] "82.4% Sindhi + 17.6% Stalskoe" "2.6318"
[9,] "62.9% AP_Brahmin + 37.1% Urkarah" "2.7322"
[10,] "11.2% Lezgins + 88.8% Pakistani" "2.7749"

The mixed mode should be used with caution, and it shows, more than anything else, how similar apparent "mixes" can be achieved by different combinations of ancestry. Nonetheless, it may prove somewhat useful. For example, there is a suggestion in the above results, that Pathans can be viewed as a mix of other South Asian populations and populations from the eastern Caucasus, a suggestion that was arrived at independently by the Project using different methods.

Here is another example:

DodecadOracle("Assyrian_D",mixedmode=T)
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "Assyrian_D" "0"
[2,] "83.9% Armenians_16 + 16.1% Yemen_Jews" "1.7829"
[3,] "89.1% Armenian_D + 10.9% Saudis" "2.1624"
[4,] "84.3% Armenians_16 + 15.7% Saudis" "2.2884"
[5,] "88.9% Armenian_D + 11.1% Yemen_Jews" "2.2983"
[6,] "83.8% Armenian_D + 16.2% Bedouin" "4.1579"
[7,] "72.2% Armenian_D + 27.8% Syrians" "4.1841"
[8,] "23.4% Georgians + 76.6% Iraq_Jews" "4.2418"
[9,] "76.2% Armenians_16 + 23.8% Bedouin" "4.332"
[10,] "61.5% Armenians_16 + 38.5% Syrians" "4.4019"

This reaffirms the close relationship of Assyrians to Armenians that has been noticed in the project and by others, and it also shows that Assyrians differ from Armenians in a Southwestern Asian direction, consistent with their Semitic language.

Or, African Americans:

DodecadOracle("ASW",mixedmode=T)
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "ASW" "0"
[2,] "81.3% Hausa + 18.7% N._European" "2.3891"
[3,] "18.4% Orkney_1KG + 81.6% Hausa" "2.4031"
[4,] "18.5% Argyll_1KG + 81.5% Hausa" "2.4268"
[5,] "18.4% Orcadian + 81.6% Hausa" "2.4657"
[6,] "80.5% Igbo + 19.5% N._European" "2.5031"
[7,] "80.6% Brong + 19.4% N._European" "2.523"
[8,] "18.6% CEU + 81.4% Hausa" "2.5938"
[9,] "19.1% Argyll_1KG + 80.9% Brong" "2.6197"
[10,] "19% Orkney_1KG + 81% Brong" "2.6274"

I don't know that much about the slave trade, but I believe that Ghana was an important part of it?

Another thing to watch, is that some populations tend to have more than one sample available, so they appear to be mixtures of themselves, which is not really very informative, e.g., Spanish_D

DodecadOracle("Spanish_D",mixedmode=T)
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "Spanish_D" "0"
[2,] "7.9% French_Basque + 92.1% IBS" "0.8713"
[3,] "68.9% IBS + 31.1% Spaniards" "1.0377"
[4,] "98.8% IBS + 1.2% Irish_D" "1.2959"
[5,] "1.2% British_Isles_D + 98.8% IBS" "1.3018"
[6,] "1.2% British_D + 98.8% IBS" "1.3019"
[7,] "99% IBS + 1% Norwegian_D" "1.3046"
[8,] "1.2% Cornwall_1KG + 98.8% IBS" "1.3048"
[9,] "98.8% IBS + 1.2% Kent_1KG" "1.3142"
[10,] "2.2% French_D + 97.8% IBS" "1.3179"

To deal with these problems, you must "edit" the X matrix if you want to exclude some populations. For example, if you want to exclude "Spaniards" and "IBS", you must enter:

X <- X[setdiff(1:227,which(X[,1]=="IBS" | X[,1]=="Spaniards")),]

but notice, that you must relaunch the program, if you want to get the original matrix, or alternatively save it like this:

Z<-X

and then retrieve it like this:

X<-Z

58 comments:

  1. Very interesting. Greek_D mixed mode results strongly suggest Balto-Slavic admixture.

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  2. Once I have excluded a group how can I exclude more groups ? It gives an error the second time, and I have to re-open everytime to exlude groups. Thanks,

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  3. I think you need to change the 1:227 to the new number of populations. You can substitute dim(X)[1], which should give the number of populations every time.

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  4. Doug McDonald is now giving people three-way admixtures, though from perhaps a more compact set of population references. Might you alter the program to maximize the likelihood on 3-way or N-way admixtures by adjusting a parameter?

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  5. Brandon, this is not an autosomal set of fractions (like the ones of Doug McDonald) but rather the fractions that make your most similar numbers on the Dodecad K=12 run

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  6. Might you alter the program to maximize the likelihood on 3-way or N-way admixtures by adjusting a parameter?

    I'm not sure what Dr. McDonald does; this program uses a "geometric" approach to find the optimum admixture ratio for pairs of populations, and it ignores the population pairs where admixture isn't as good as one of the two populations.

    The approach used can be extended to 3 populations, although the geometry becomes more complex, and I will have to doublecheck it before I release a new version. Interestingly, in my experiments so far it seems that many individuals are better described as 2-way mixes than as 3-way mixes, although I've seen a few (such as a Mexican) that is best described as a 3-way mix.

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  7. DodecadOracle(c(8.9, 17.4, 32.2, 0, 21.8, 0.5, 0.4, 1.4, 1.1, 11.3, 5.1, 0), k=30)

    Gives me only 10 populations, not 30.

    Dienkes, can you give an example of the correct syntax, and for additional parameters like mixedmode=T?

    If you edit your original post with these instructions then go ahead and delete this one, thanks.

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  8. I get 30 here, not sure what's the problem.

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  9. I am having a problem typing commands and getting good results. If I copy the commands from the post above it works fine, but if I type the same commands in the R Console it doesn't work I just get a "+" and a blinking cursor. What am I doing wrong?

    > DodecadOracle("Assyrian_D",mixedmode=T)
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "Assyrian_D" "0"
    [2,] "83.9% Armenians_16 + 16.1% Yemen_Jews" "1.7829"
    [3,] "89.1% Armenian_D + 10.9% Saudis" "2.1624"
    [4,] "84.3% Armenians_16 + 15.7% Saudis" "2.2884"
    [5,] "88.9% Armenian_D + 11.1% Yemen_Jews" "2.2983"
    [6,] "83.8% Armenian_D + 16.2% Bedouin" "4.1579"
    [7,] "72.2% Armenian_D + 27.8% Syrians" "4.1841"
    [8,] "23.4% Georgians + 76.6% Iraq_Jews" "4.2418"
    [9,] "76.2% Armenians_16 + 23.8% Bedouin" "4.332"
    [10,] "61.5% Armenians_16 + 38.5% Syrians" "4.4019"
    > DodecadOracle("Assyrian_D,mixedmode=T)
    + |

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  10. Where do I find an explanation of the commands available for DodecadOracle?

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  11. In this one:

    > DodecadOracle("Assyrian_D,mixedmode=T)
    + |

    You forgot the ending quote after Assyrian_D

    The + sign means that R is expecting you to finish the command; in the above case, it saw a beginning quote ", but not an end quote. So, you need to be careful when you type in commands.

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  12. Thank you for this, Dienekes.
    This is what I was looking for, since a long time.
    Something that tells one, how much of what is needed to turn the results into the way they are.

    From Family lore I know that I have a Great Great Grandmother and indeed, one of the possibilities that Oracle comes up with is 95% German + 5% Lithuanian.

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  13. Ah, forgot to ask: What people does "N._European" contain btw?

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  14. @Fanty and Dienekes

    I was wondering what people were encompassed in the N. European category also...

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  15. Running DodecadOracle("ASW",mixedmode=T) gives me exactly what you have listed above; Is there a way to "tailor" it to an individual?

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  16. You tailor it to an individual by using the admixture proportions of the individual, rather than "ASW", as shown in the post.

    N. European is a population sample from Xing et al. (2010)

    http://jorde-lab.genetics.utah.edu/?page_id=8

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  17. This is indeed fun, but now the interpretation...
    All my ancestors back to 1800 are Dutch, while prior to 1800 some may have come from Germany or maybe further East.

    My data result, however, in:
    [1,] "Argyll_1KG" "1.353"
    [2,] "N._European" "2.2317"
    [3,] "Orcadian" "2.3712"
    [4,] "Orkney_1KG" "2.4925"
    [5,] "CEU" "2.4945"
    [6,] "German_D" "6.7632"
    [7,] "Mixed_Germanic_D" "8.0505"
    [8,] "Dutch_D" "9.4793"
    [9,] "Kent_1KG" "11.7887"
    [10,] "French" "12.8289"

    What does it mean? Can anybody help me out?

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  18. Well, this is ... interesting. From what research I've been able to do in the past year, all I can say for certain is I'm very American as I have both paternal and maternal ancestors that trace back to revolutionary times.

    My paternal grandfather is believed to have been mostly Irish.
    My paternal grandmother's father was Azorean and German.
    My maternal grandfather seems to be mostly a mix of English and either Scottish or Irish, and maybe Native American.
    My maternal grandmother is a complete mystery. My maternal haplotype is H4a1a which appears most commonly in Polish/Irish.

    23andMe says I'm genetically most similar to Northern Europeans.

    My DIYDodecad results are:
    East_European, 12.29%
    West_European, 50.36%
    Mediterranean, 26.37%
    Neo_African, 0.0%
    West_Asian, 7.81%
    South_Asian, 1.05%
    Northeast_Asian, 0.00%
    Southeast_Asian, 0.30%
    East_African, 0.0%
    Southwest_Asian, 1.67%
    Northwest_African, 0.01%
    Palaeo_African, 0.16%

    I’ve only been reading your blog for a short time and I’m still trying to make sense of a lot of it. If I’ve done everything correctly, it seems to me the Dodecad Oracle results lean, rather unexpectedly, in a French direction rather than Irish. I have yet to encounter any French ancestors in my searches.

    DodecadOracle(c(12.29,50.36,26.37,0.0,7.81,1.05,0.0,0.3,0.0,1.67,0.01,0.16))
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "CEU" "3.9671"
    [2,] "N._European" "5.5219"
    [3,] "Argyll_1KG" "6.2269"
    [4,] "Orcadian" "6.3383"
    [5,] "Orkney_1KG" "6.7261"
    [6,] "German_D" "6.8843"
    [7,] "French_D" "11.4239"
    [8,] "French" "11.4542"
    [9,] "Mixed_Germanic_D" "12.7139"
    [10,] "Dutch_D" "13.8534"

    Then there is the mixed mode:
    DodecadOracle(c(12.29,50.36,26.37,0.0,7.81,1.05,0.0,0.3,0.0,1.67,0.01,0.16),mixedmode=T)
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "89.4% CEU + 10.6% Romanians_14" "1.1168"
    [2,] "10.8% Balkans_D + 89.2% CEU" "1.3412"
    [3,] "37.2% Balkans_D + 62.8% British_D" "1.5368"
    [4,] "83% Orkney_1KG + 17% Romanians_14" "1.5842"
    [5,] "37.1% Balkans_D + 62.9% British_Isles_D" "1.6562"
    [6,] "83.9% Orcadian + 16.1% Romanians_14" "1.6801"
    [7,] "30.9% Balkans_D + 69.1% Dutch_D" "1.7519"
    [8,] "92.7% CEU + 7.3% Greek_D" "1.8079"
    [9,] "34.4% Balkans_D + 65.6% Kent_1KG" "1.8544"
    [10,] "81.2% CEU + 18.8% Slovenian" "1.9907"

    I’m not sure about that one, but your instructions did say that you could use the mixed mode with any command.

    I only have one question: What is CEU?

    I did find the instructions reasonably easy to follow.

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    Replies
    1. Teresa, some of your Irish, Scottish and English ancestors probably were Anglo-Norman (of Norman French origin). All the 'Fitz' names (Fitzwilliams, Fitzgerald, Fitzhugh, etc.) are of Norman French origin. There were also many nobles who helped William the Conqueror take England in 1066 from other areas of France who were granted lands in England. Later when the Scottish lowlands and Ireland were conquered the same thing happened. And shortly after England was conquered the Angevins came to dominate the Kingship; they were French from Anjou, not Norman. The Norman French/French nobles often intermarried with Anglo-Saxon, Scottish and Irish nobles who were conquered--this legitimized their presence to the populace, especially as the next generation would be mixed--and they also continued to intermarry with French nobles for political alliances. There was a ton of interaction across the English Channel during the Medieval period. The French nobles had also intermarried with German, Dutch, Flemish, Spanish etc. nobles for hundreds of years; the whole European landscape kept shifting over the centuries with different cultural groups dominating, conquering, mixing with those they conquered or retreating and leaving some behind, just as some Romans and people of mixed British and Roman blood stayed in England after the fall of the Roman Empire. Under the Roman Empire a lot of intermarriage occurred between nobles of different European regions as well. The best site to follow your lines back is www.geni.com where they're building the world family tree.

      So if you have noble Norman French & French blood through England, Scotland and/or Ireland you're likely to find a huge mix that may even go back to Spain, Rome, Egypt and the Middle East as well as Scandinavia, the Ukraine and Eastern Europe.

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    2. Does this take into account the mass exodus of English nobles and their entourage who were dispossessed by the Norman conquest and ended up in the Byzantium empire at Constantinople.

      Delete
  19. CEU are White Americans from Utah

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  20. Apparently, my results from DodecadOracle, as posted earlier, are indeed baffling.

    Although I would love to have roots in one or other poetic place in Scotland (as long as there is a pub nearby), I suppose that the Dutch_D sample just isnot large enough as jet?

    More generally formulated: given present sample sizes, what type of interpretations are allowed for?

    Thank you for reacting.

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  21. When you run Dodecad Oracle on the admixture proportions of an individual, what do the numbers mean that follow each population in the resulting ranking of populations? In the results that others have posted here, the numbers usually start out quite low. For me, even the top ranked option seems to have a relatively high number following it (the top results is 12.8833). Do these numbers represent some sort of measure of how well each population fits the individual's admixture proportions?

    I am curious about this because my mother is from Brazil and my father is from the United States. I likely have very admixed ancestry, and was wondering if the higher relative numbers indicate that none of the populations are a very good match for me.

    Here are my results:
    [1,] "CEU" "12.8833"
    [2,] "Slovenian" "13.236"
    [3,] "French_D" "13.559"
    [4,] "N._European" "13.9869"
    [5,] "French" "13.9996"
    [6,] "German_D" "14.3945"
    [7,] "Argyll_1KG" "15.1435"
    [8,] "Orcadian" "15.24"
    [9,] "Orkney_1KG" "15.5916"
    [10,] "Hungarians" "16.8057"

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  22. Yes, the lower the number, the closer the fit. You can compare your results to the top few populations or to the weighted averages of pairs of populations to see in which components you are different from them.

    Individuals with more than 2 ancestries or people from very variable groups can usually expect not to see a tight fit.

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  23. Hello Dienekes,

    I appreciate your wide knowledge on DNA based anthropology and certainly also your Dodecad initiatives.

    Still, I am truly at a loss on how to interpret my results, as posted earlier.

    As you indicate, the smaller the number at the end of the line, the better the fit. I suppose therefore that "Argyll_1KG" "1.353" would mean a good fit.

    My question is: could such a good fit be caused by just one or two (thusfar unknown) ancestors from the West of Scotland of (well) before 1800?

    What would be your take on my results?

    Thanks.

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  24. Can you give some information about the "Slovenian" population? I thought my parents were the only 2 Slovenians in the Dodecad project, but the "Slovenian" population comes second for both of them in Oracle, while "Hungarians" is first. I thought my parents were typical Slovenes, and they even come from 2 regions that were politically separated for centuries and part of 2 different countries. Interestingly, they are extremely similar genetically, and much closer to Hungarians than to other Slovenians. But it may be possible that the "Slovenian" population in Oracle is small or not representative of the actual Slovenian population. I would be curious to know more.

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  25. The Slovenian population's percentages are based on a smaller number of markers, so potentially they are not as accurate as the Hungarians. The number of SNPs is listed in the Dodecad spreadsheet.

    Another possibility is that the distribution of Slovenians and Hungarians overlap so that particular Slovenians may be closer to the Hungarian average and vice versa.

    My question is: could such a good fit be caused by just one or two (thusfar unknown) ancestors from the West of Scotland of (well) before 1800?

    A couple of ancestors before 1800 would not determine your average. Also, the Argyll sample is small, and, moreover, we should all bear in mind that not all populations are distinguishable from each other on either the basis of this analysis, or in general. If you run Oracle with 'Argyll_1KG" you will see that there are several populations quite close to it.

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  26. @Teresa Your results look very similar to mine:
    DodecadOracle(c(10.5,49.6,26.3,0.1,10.3,0.4,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.7,1.0,0.0))
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "CEU" "5.4635"
    [2,] "N._European" "6.4288"
    [3,] "Argyll_1KG" "7.3457"
    [4,] "Orcadian" "7.6851"
    [5,] "Orkney_1KG" "8.0759"
    [6,] "German_D" "9.1499"
    [7,] "French" "10.8453"
    [8,] "French_D" "11.3824"
    [9,] "Mixed_Germanic_D" "12.3325"
    [10,] "Dutch_D" "13.8798"

    And on my mother's side, I'm the same pre-Revolutionary US mix of British Isles and some Swiss Germans. However, my Oracle results are far different:
    > DodecadOracle(c(10.5,49.6,26.3,0.1,10.3,0.4,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.7,1.0,0.0),mixedmode=T)
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "12.9% Sephardic_Jews + 87.1% Argyll_1KG" "0.8293"
    [2,] "14.5% S_Italian_Sicilian_D + 85.5% Argyll_1KG" "0.8452"
    [3,] "77.7% Argyll_1KG + 22.3% Tuscan_X" "0.888"
    [4,] "14% Sicilian_D + 86% Argyll_1KG" "0.9205"
    [5,] "13.5% S_Italian_D + 86.5% Argyll_1KG" "0.9258"
    [6,] "63.1% British_Isles_D + 36.9% Romanians_14" "1.0156"
    [7,] "77.5% Argyll_1KG + 22.5% Tuscan_H" "1.061"
    [8,] "17.6% Ashkenazy_Jews + 82.4% Orcadian" "1.0748"
    [9,] "91.8% CEU + 8.2% Druze" "1.0755"
    [10,] "90.9% CEU + 9.1% Turkish_D" "1.082"

    There must be something on my father's side that skews me towards the Middle East.

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    Replies
    1. LS, see my response to Teresa above. I have ancestors that came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1620s and '30s and some of them trace back to English nobility & royalty who were a HUGE mix tracing back all over Europe (including Eastern Europe & Scandinavia) and to the Middle East. This is because for 1500 years the nobles & royals kept marrying those from other countries for political alliances. There were also a lot of conversions over the centuries from Judaism to Christianity and vice-versa for various reasons, especially in Germany and probably in Switzerland as well.

      Delete
  27. Hi Dienekes I wrote the following into the command line: DodecadOracle("Sicilian_D", mixedmode=T, k=30, X<-X[setdiff(1:dim(X)[1],which(X[,1]=="S_Italian_D"))])

    It gives me 30 results but S_Italian_D is still present.. What am I doing wrong?

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  28. You shouldn't have put the X<-... part inside the parentheses. It's a separate command that should be run before you invoke DodecadOracle.

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  29. thanks very much i got this and DIY to function well

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  30. Okay, so I got my DIYDodecad results, but what is the "spreadsheet" referred to above? How do I compare my results - all I got from DIYDodecad was a list...

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  31. I *think* I figured it out: I used the DIYDodecad results in DodecadOracle and got the following:

    DIYDodecad
    East European 14.79
    West European 51.91
    Mediterranean 24.09
    Neo-African 0.00
    West Asian 7.03
    South Asian 0.00
    Northeast Asian 0.00
    Southeast Asian 0.17
    East African 0.23
    Southwest Asian 1.74
    Northwest African 0.03
    Palaeo African 0.00

    Oracle
    DodecadOracle(c(14.79,51.91,24.09,0.00,7.03,0.00,0.00,0.17,0.23,1.74,0.03,0.00))
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "German_D" "3.0915"
    [2,] "CEU" "4.5501"
    [3,] "N._European" "4.9448"
    [4,] "Argyll_1KG" "5.2943"
    [5,] "Orcadian" "5.8573"
    [6,] "Orkney_1KG" "6.1"
    [7,] "Mixed_Germanic_D" "12.6902"
    [8,] "Dutch_D" "14.037"
    [9,] "Slovenian" "14.5208"
    [10,] "French_D" "14.5552"

    On my father's side I'm English/Irish and on my mother's Norwegian/English so these results appear to make sense although I'm not too sure about the Mediterranean or Asian parts.
    If anyone has additional insight as to what these mean (or if I've even done it right!), I'd appreciate it.

    ReplyDelete
  32. My results would appear to not mean much since my grandparents are from very different places. I am a little surprised that the "asian" component of my result didn't pull me further east. I estimate I am 10-15% Native American




    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "Slovenian" "13.3824"
    [2,] "German_D" "16.4946"
    [3,] "Hungarians" "16.7991"
    [4,] "N._European" "17.5768"
    [5,] "CEU" "18.2647"
    [6,] "Argyll_1KG" "18.9445"
    [7,] "Orcadian" "19.824"
    [8,] "Orkney_1KG" "19.9309"
    [9,] "French_D" "23.247"
    [10,] "French" "23.4213"

    ReplyDelete
  33. Hi - Thanks so much for this. I was able to run DIYDodecad v. 2.0 from your ReadME. Very helpful.

    Is their a key to the nomenclature of the reference populations?

    What is the difference between Ashkenazy_Jews and Ashkenazi_D? S_Italian_Sicilian_D and C_Italian_D? Thanks

    ReplyDelete
  34. Are you planning to add new Bulgarian sample to the program?

    ReplyDelete
  35. Am I missing something here? Where is the DodecadOracle linux program, the link only gives you the R data stored on googledocs? I have the DIYDodecad admixtures ready to put into it.

    More generally, appreciate all the work you've put on the web!

    Thanks in advance. Jon.

    ReplyDelete
  36. There is no linux program, the Oracle runs on R.

    ReplyDelete
  37. Jon -> To run this under Linux simply launch R then use the load() command to load the Oracle.

    For example:
    load('DodecadOracleV1.RData')

    Use the full path for DodecadOracleV1.RData if R was not launched from the directory containing that file.

    Then execute whatever commands you wish from the instructions.

    Note also that the DodecadOracle will work on Mac OSX as well (by installing the Mac version of R).

    ReplyDelete
  38. Has the order of the admixtures for the program changed? Although my admixture is this:

    14.66% East_European
    50.17% West_European
    22.56% Mediterranean
    0.41% Neo_African
    7.75% West_Asian
    0.01% South_Asian
    0.03% Northeast_Asian
    0.00% Southeast_Asian
    2.26% East_African
    1.86% Southwest_Asian
    0.00% Northwest_African
    0.30% Palaeo_African

    ... when I enter them in that order into the oracle, I get:
    > DodecadOracle(c(14.66, 50.17, 22.56, 0.41, 7.75, 0.01, 0.03, 0.00, 2.26, 1.86, 0.00, 0.30))
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "Mongol" "21.4325"
    [2,] "Mongola" "22.1336"
    [3,] "Daur" "23.3353"
    [4,] "Hezhen" "24.1801"
    [5,] "Xibo" "26.5628"
    [6,] "Oroqen" "27.3458"
    [7,] "Buryat" "30.8749"
    [8,] "Tu" "32.4573"
    [9,] "Altai" "32.6115"
    [10,] "Uygur" "34.4787"

    I also see these Asian populations when I put in the example from the blog:

    > DodecadOracle(c(4.6, 16.7, 33.6, 0, 23.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.6, 0.7, 14.1, 4.5, 0.2))
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "Altai" "35.4034"
    [2,] "Tuva" "37.4562"
    [3,] "Hazara" "38.201"
    [4,] "Buryat" "39.3191"
    [5,] "Mongol" "39.7467"
    [6,] "Uzbeks" "39.9885"
    [7,] "Uygur" "40.3521"
    [8,] "Yukagir" "42.0916"
    [9,] "Brahmins_from_Uttaranchal_M" "44.429"
    [10,] "Oroqen" "46.1119"

    I think this is a mistake somewhere... any suggestions?

    ReplyDelete
  39. @Kelly, you are probably not using the correct Oracle. The values you entered give:


    DodecadOracle(c(14.66, 50.17, 22.56, 0.41, 7.75, 0.01, 0.03, 0.00, 2.26, 1.86, 0.00, 0.30))
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "German_D" "4.3332"
    [2,] "N._European" "6.0212"
    [3,] "CEU" "6.5226"
    [4,] "Argyll_1KG" "6.9663"
    [5,] "Orcadian" "7.8569"
    [6,] "Orkney_1KG" "8.0432"
    [7,] "Slovenian" "13.2511"
    [8,] "Mixed_Germanic_D" "13.7513"
    [9,] "Dutch_D" "15.3921"
    [10,] "French" "15.9273"


    I suspect you downloaded the K12a or K12b Oracle and are entering the Dodecad v3 values into it.

    ReplyDelete
  40. Thank you, that was exactly the issue. I'm still learning here! Thank you so much for your quick response!

    ReplyDelete
  41. I wish the instructions were easier to understand. :/ I feel like a chimpanzee trying to interpret a legal document sometimes with this Dodecad stuff. I've got R running, managed to get Oracle and K12 in the folder (or working directory). What do I type in to see what percent of the samples I am? Hopefully my question made sense. Also when it says "DodecadOracle(c(4.6, 16.7, 33.6, 0, 23.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.6, 0.7, 14.1, 4.5, 0.2))" Where are all those numbers coming from? I hate to seem daft, but I really don't understand this stuff. I try to read it, and the readme text files, but my brain seems to refuse to grasp it. (Oh, the joys of ADD -___-)
    Also am I correct in understanding that in the example below that I am more closely related to the Kent_1KG sample than the Orkney_1KG because the number is lower?
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "British_D" "0"
    [2,] "Kent_1KG" "0.4"
    [3,] "Cornwall_1KG" "1.631"
    [4,] "British_Isles_D" "1.7117"
    [5,] "CEU25" "2.6665"
    [6,] "Irish_D" "2.7331"
    [7,] "Dutch_D" "3.1016"
    [8,] "Argyll_1KG" "3.6579"
    [9,] "Orcadian" "3.755"
    [10,] "Orkney_1KG" "4.279"

    ReplyDelete
  42. What do I type in to see what percent of the samples I am? Hopefully my question made sense.

    First you need to get your admixture percentages. To do that you must first run standardize (see README) and then you must run DIYDodecadWin:

    http://dodecad.blogspot.com/2011/09/do-it-yourself-dodecad-v-21.html

    Also when it says "DodecadOracle(c(4.6, 16.7, 33.6, 0, 23.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.6, 0.7, 14.1, 4.5, 0.2))" Where are all those numbers coming from?

    These numbers will be reported by DIYDodecadWin when you run it on your sample (see above).

    Once you get these numbers, you input them in the same order in DodecadOracle as above. Note, however, that this post is about Dodecad Oracle v1 which works with the "calculator" dv3 that is bundled with the DIYDodecad program. If you use the more recent K12b calculator (http://dodecad.blogspot.com/2012/01/k12b-and-k7b-calculators.html), you must use the Oracle designed for that, and which can be downloaded from that page (http://dodecad.blogspot.com/2012/01/k12b-and-k7b-calculators.html). All the most recent calculators/Oracles of the Project will always be available from the bottom right of the blog under "Project Links".

    Also am I correct in understanding that in the example below that I am more closely related to the Kent_1KG sample than the Orkney_1KG because the number is lower?

    It would appear so, yes; lower numbers = closer match.

    ReplyDelete
  43. I have been reading the posts for a few days now and trying to make sense of my results. I cannot find instructions on how to read my basic results. I apologize for my genealogy ignorance. Dienekes, you must be a genius!

    Anyhow, I will use Africa 9 Oracle. I understand Admix Results. I sort of understand Single Population sharing-that the smaller distance means more of a match? But....Mixed Mode Population Sharing- Which percentage do I use since they are all so close? Also, am I supposed to compare the distance with the Secondary Population and the closest is the probable match? Such as 64.2% Morocco_Jews to 35.8% French_Basque with distance of 1.67. Or do I consider the Tuscan with 93.2% to Mozabite 6.5%. Or since I'm showing large percentage matches with mostly North_Italian do I go with that?

    I'm sorry but I am truly completely green at this. Thanks for your patience.
    Maiysa
    PS I am a member of a Native American Tribe with a lot of Scandinavian and French, so the Italian is really confusing me, but very exciting, since I'm in love with Italy!! But not sure if it means anything.

    Admix Results (sorted):

    # Population Percent
    1 Europe 66.93
    2 SW_Asia 24.48
    3 NW_Africa 6.06
    4 Mbuti 1.06
    5 San 0.94
    6 Biaka 0.37
    7 W_Africa 0.15

    Single Population Sharing:

    # Population (source) Distance
    1 North_Italian 7.86
    2 Tuscan 8.31
    3 Morocco_Jews 24.16
    4 North_African_Jews (Dodecad) 31.99
    5 Druze 41.58
    6 French_Basque 43.22
    7 Jordanians 47.46
    8 Egypt 53.14
    9 Egyptans 55.82
    10 North_African (Dodecad) 59.57
    11 Yemenese 61.08
    12 Libya 62.61
    13 Algeria 68.11
    14 Bedouin 69.75
    15 Morocco_N 70.26
    16 Yemen_Jews 73.23
    17 Saudis 78.76
    18 Moroccans 79.3
    19 Ethiopian_Jews 82.65
    20 Ethiopians 82.65

    Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

    # Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
    1 64.2% Morocco_Jews + 35.8% French_Basque @ 1.67
    2 89.9% North_Italian + 10.1% Algeria @ 1.8
    3 88.6% North_Italian + 11.4% North_African (Dodecad) @ 1.8
    4 92.3% North_Italian + 7.7% Sahara_OCC @ 1.99
    5 91.3% North_Italian + 8.7% Moroccans @ 2.01
    6 90.3% North_Italian + 9.7% Morocco_N @ 2.3
    7 91.8% North_Italian + 8.2% Morocco_S @ 2.4
    8 89.4% North_Italian + 10.6% Libya @ 2.64
    9 57.5% North_African_Jews (Dodecad) + 42.5% French_Basque @ 2.67
    10 93.1% North_Italian + 6.9% Mozabite @ 2.89
    11 92.9% North_Italian + 7.1% TUNISIA @ 3.12
    12 55.2% French_Basque + 44.8% Egypt @ 4.39
    13 89.1% North_Italian + 10.9% Egypt @ 4.45
    14 78.6% North_Italian + 21.4% Morocco_Jews @ 4.47
    15 93.6% North_Italian + 6.4% Fulani @ 4.48
    16 89.7% North_Italian + 10.3% Egyptans @ 4.56
    17 93.2% Tuscan + 6.8% TUNISIA @ 4.66
    18 93.5% Tuscan + 6.5% Mozabite @ 4.7
    19 92.9% North_Italian + 7.1% Ethiopians @ 4.72
    20 92.9% North_Italian + 7.1% Ethiopian_Jews @ 4.72

    ReplyDelete
  44. Hi,

    I've also put in my results for the Oracle and I get the following results for single population (which is absolutely correct - I'm 100% AJ)
    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] "Ashkenazy_Jews" "3.4103"
    [2,] "Ashkenazi_D" "4.2778"
    [3,] "Morocco_Jews" "8.9073"
    [4,] "S_Italian_Sicilian_D" "13.0442"
    [5,] "C_Italian_D" "13.4503"
    [6,] "Tuscan_X" "13.4533"
    [7,] "Tuscan_H" "14.1806"
    [8,] "O_Italian_D" "14.1926"
    [9,] "TSI" "14.7916"
    [10,] "Sicilian_D" "15.0964"

    and for mixture:

    [1,] "20.3% Hungarians + 79.7% Morocco_Jews" "2.3257"
    [2,] "93.8% Ashkenazy_Jews + 6.2% North_African_D" "2.5027"
    [3,] "79.4% Morocco_Jews + 20.6% Slovenian" "2.5566"
    [4,] "93.8% Ashkenazy_Jews + 6.2% Morocco_N" "2.6222"
    [5,] "95.3% Ashkenazy_Jews + 4.7% Sahara_OCC" "2.6254"
    [6,] "95.1% Ashkenazy_Jews + 4.9% TUNISIA" "2.6363"
    [7,] "95.6% Ashkenazy_Jews + 4.4% Moroccans" "2.6739"
    [8,] "94% Ashkenazy_Jews + 6% Algeria" "2.6818"
    [9,] "93.5% Ashkenazy_Jews + 6.5% Libya" "2.7011"
    [10,] "96% Ashkenazy_Jews + 4% Morocco_S" "2.8802"

    Discounting # 1 and #3 (I have no Slovenian / Hungarian / Moroccan Jewish ancestry at such levels) If I understand what this means is that compared to the AJs who provided samples I have a higher amount of North African admixture indicating a small North African component together with my Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry?

    ReplyDelete
  45. What is German_V? It seems a there are a few groups with the _V tag at the end of their names.

    ReplyDelete
  46. Hello,
    my Dodecad V3 results don't show any South-West Asian or South Asian component, but using your spreadsheet for V3, I see that the most ethnicities have it, even Selkup has a value of 0,1.

    Dodecad World9 has least distances at mixed-mode and it shows 90% Russian, which I am for the most, but I've heard that this test is created only to discover Nartive-American ancestry. I got results like
    86.8% Russian (Dodecad) + 13.2% TSI30 (Metspalu) @ 0.96
    87.1% Russian (Dodecad) + 12.9% Tuscan (HGDP) @ 1

    The K12b test shows me
    87.1% Russian (Dodecad) + 12.9% Sardinian (HGDP) @ 1.61
    2 80.5% Russian_B (Behar) + 19.5% Castilla_La_Mancha (1000Genomes) @ 1.85
    3 79.8% Russian_B (Behar) + 20.2% Spaniards (Behar) @ 1.94
    4 79.1% Russian_B (Behar) + 20.9% Cataluna (1000Genomes) @ 1.95
    and oracle X
    Polish 68.49%
    2 Mordovians 9.50%
    3 Yakut 4.94%
    4 Sephardic_Jews 4.85%
    5 Swedish 3.78%
    6 C_Italian 3.47%
    7 O_Italian 3.32%
    8 Norwegian 1.09%
    9 Uzbeks 0.54%
    10 Hazara 0.01%
    which I find close to reality, if you replace Polish with Russian/Polish/Lithianian admixture.
    It is definitely some southern component, My high Caucasus component doesn't match with my low values of Gedrosia and West-Asian.
    My Gedmatch is F294441

    ReplyDelete
  47. I am so lost. I can't make sense of what these results are showing. I'm 67 and smart, but certainly challenged by the lack of plain English interpretation and explanations here. I feel as though the answers to my lifelong genealogy questions hang behind a curtain of confusion. I show a higher than what I would expect percentage of middle eastern, french and german in my results. I have no known people of those ethnic populations back to ggg grandparents, so ... was there infidelity, adoption, something else to explain this. I am overwhelmed by trying to understand the computer-language answers here. I have great appreciation for the person who has taken all the time and effort to develop this program, but please ... hire someone who can make reading the results easy.... I figure I only have 20 years left to find the answers to this lifelong passionate journey. And it won't get any easier from here.
    Known ethnicities: Father's father: Northern Italian. Father's mother: From Italy, but varied as she came from a family who probably married the women off to husbands from other countries for political and financial reasons. her father was reputed to have some Spanish (also Jewish?) as his name was Catalano. (Catalan origin?)
    Mother's father: Portuguese/old New England. Mother's mother: Scots/Irish/English and maybe German. My ID number is: M632230 if anyone would like to have a go at interpretation. A better email for me is: mamasi@comcast.net Thank you for your help and understanding. Melody

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Hi, has anyone answered you yet? Since you're new to this, are you aware that Italians, Jews, Spanish, and Portuguese often have some ties to the Middle East? If you're wondering why you have some Middle Eastern, Spaniards and Portuguese had some Moroccan Arab DNA moved up into them, they also had some Sephardic Jew DNA sometimes, the Italians often have Levantine (Jews and Arabs of the areas in the Levant known as Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, etc) moved into Italy at points in history. These are some basic examples, Deinekes could explain much better about the facts behind admixture and history than I can. Humans are often surprised to see what other racial backgrounds are in them because they don't often know the facts about where their ancestors were long ago. It's quite easy to be a "White" person and still have some ancient DNA links to Arabs, Jews, South Asians, etc. It's more common than you would think because just being from Europe doesn't mean you're 100% "White", you can have "Off-white" and "brown" in you too. Skin color is a poor way of determining race and Whites think they're White but they're really unable to know what was in them 500 years ago. One time a Mexican girl on YouTube said "My DNA test says I'm part Spanish, I'm not though, I'm from Mexico, why would there be Spanish in me?" She thought there was a race called "Mexican", she didn't know that Spaniards often moved around in Mexico mixing with Native Americans. The people in the comments section ripped her up a bit but I think it's better to teach someone without being rude.

      Delete
    2. I really need help understanding mine as well

      Delete
  48. When I enter the following to the Gedmatch program:
    Admixture (heritage)
    Eurogenes
    Admixture Proportions (With link to Oracle)
    My kit number
    Eurogenes K13
    My ethnicity: German
    Oracle
    I see:
    Single Population Sharing
    Population Distance
    South_Dutch 2.48
    West_German 2.57
    French 6.74
    Southeast_English 7.16 and so forth.
    This seems fine since my ancestors, back to the late 1500s, are from Germany.
    But the next section for 'Mixed Population Sharing' gives:
    97.7% South_Dutch 2.3% Sakilli
    97.7% South_Dutch 2.3% Chamar
    97.7% South_Dutch 2.4% North Kannadi
    I don't understand why tribes from India have a connection to the Dutch.
    Is this an error in the program?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. No, because you have the Indo-Aryan migration which was people migrating ago from India to Western Europe. Also, Dutch and German language are considered Indo-European. It is common for Germans to have Indian results due to the Indo-European contact from Eurasia.

      Delete
  49. Excuse my ignorance but I'm trying to understand my results below. My father's family has lived in American for almost 300 years now. There is some dispute whether his direct paternal ancestors emigrated to America from one of the German states or from the British Isles. My dad's mother came from Scottish/Irish emigrants to America. My mother was born and raised in the Birmingham, England area. Very little is known about her father's family as he was an illegitimate child and I do not know who his biological father. His mother's family was also from Birmingham going back several generations. Any help you can give regarding my results below would be greatly appreciated.

    # Population (source) Distance
    1 Belgian ( ) 3.26
    2 Frisian ( ) 4.09
    3 English_Kent_GBR ( ) 4.18
    4 English ( ) 4.77
    5 Irish ( ) 5.09
    6 North_European ( ) 5.58
    7 English_Cornwall_GBR ( ) 5.91
    8 South_German ( ) 6.68
    9 CEU ( ) 6.75
    10 Welsh ( ) 6.99
    11 British ( ) 7.02
    12 Dutch ( ) 7.21
    13 Norwegian_East ( ) 7.39
    14 French ( ) 7.84
    15 North_German ( ) 8.19
    16 Swede ( ) 8.25
    17 German-Volga ( ) 8.4
    18 Norwegian_West ( ) 8.66
    19 Dane ( ) 8.7
    20 Scottish_Argyll_Bute_GBR ( ) 10.33

    ReplyDelete
  50. I am new to this and I'm having difficulty interpreting my results below from MDLPK23b.

    My father's paternal ancestors with the surname as mine have lived in America for 300 years. It is a matter of some dispute whether they emigrated from one of the German states or from Great Britain. Do the following results shed any light on the answer to that dispute? My father's mother has been in America for almost as long believed to have emigrated here from Scotland or Ireland.

    My mother was born and raised in Birmingham, England from English parents. Her father's paternity is unknown as the identity of his biological father is unknown. His mother's family is thought to have also been from the West Midlands of England.

    I'm assuming the Scandinavian is coming from Viking invasions of Britain but I don't know.

    Ancestry.com DNA analysis found I was 15% Iberian Peninsula but I see none of that here.

    The polynesian/pygmy/east african are completely unexpected and baffling. Are these of such small amounts that they may be a single ancestor thousands of years ago?

    Thanks in advance.

    Admix Results (sorted):

    # Population Percent
    1 European_Hunters_Gatherers 36.27
    2 European_Early_Farmers 30.16
    3 Caucasian 21.7
    4 Ancestral_Altaic 3.4
    5 South_Central_Asian 3.21
    6 Amerindian 1.01
    7 Arctic 0.95
    8 Near_East 0.62
    9 Australoid 0.54
    10 East_Siberian 0.53
    11 East_African 0.46
    12 African_Pygmy 0.38
    13 Khoisan 0.34
    14 Austronesian 0.19
    15 South_East_Asian 0.15
    16 Melano_Polynesian 0.1

    # Population (source) Distance
    1 Belgian ( ) 3.26
    2 Frisian ( ) 4.09
    3 English_Kent_GBR ( ) 4.18
    4 English ( ) 4.77
    5 Irish ( ) 5.09
    6 North_European ( ) 5.58
    7 English_Cornwall_GBR ( ) 5.91
    8 South_German ( ) 6.68
    9 CEU ( ) 6.75
    10 Welsh ( ) 6.99
    11 British ( ) 7.02
    12 Dutch ( ) 7.21
    13 Norwegian_East ( ) 7.39
    14 French ( ) 7.84
    15 North_German ( ) 8.19
    16 Swede ( ) 8.25
    17 German-Volga ( ) 8.4
    18 Norwegian_West ( ) 8.66
    19 Dane ( ) 8.7
    20 Scottish_Argyll_Bute_GBR ( ) 10.33

    ReplyDelete
  51. Can somebody help me, what does this mean?

    Admix Results (sorted):

    #PopulationPercent1African73.922Atlantic_Baltic15.963Southern6.424Caucasus_Gedrosia1.75South_Asian1.046East_Asian0.387Siberian0.328Amerindian0.259Australasian0.03
    Single Population Sharing:

    #Population (source)Distance1ASW30 (HapMap3)9.282San_He183ACB3019.084Sandawe_He19.665Hadza_He19.926MKK30 (Dodecad)21.847Bantu_N.E. (HGDP)26.198LWK30 (Behar)27.019Mandenka29.7110Bantu_S.W._Herero (HGDP)32.3711YRI30 (HGDP)32.7612San32.813Yoruba (HGDP)33.2314Bantu_S.E._Tswana (HGDP)33.2715Biaka_Pygmies33.9516Mbuti_Pygmies33.9517Dominican41.9218Somali (Dodecad)47.1919Ethiopians (Behar)51.2220Ethiopian_Jews (Behar)53.98
    Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

    # Primary Population (source)Secondary Population (source)Distance1 83.7%ACB30+16.3%Cataluna (1000 Genomes)@0.52 83.6%ACB30+16.4%Valencia (1000 Genomes)@0.613 83.6%ACB30+16.4%Spanish (Dodecad)@0.614 90.8%ASW30 (HapMap3)+9.2%Canarias (1000 Genomes)@0.655 83.5%ACB30+16.5%Spaniards (Behar)@0.666 79%LWK30 (Behar)+21%British_Isles (Dodecad)@0.77 91.1%ASW30 (HapMap3)+8.9%Murcia (1000 Genomes)@0.718 83.8%ACB30+16.2%Aragon (1000 Genomes)@0.719 83.7%ACB30+16.3%Cantabria (1000 Genomes)@0.7310 83.5%ACB30+16.5%Castilla_La_Mancha (1000 Genomes)@0.7411 83.4%ACB30+16.6%Galicia (1000 Genomes)@0.7512 78.9%LWK30 (Behar)+21.1%British (Dodecad)@0.7613 78.8%LWK30 (Behar)+21.2%CEU30 (1000Genomes)@0.7714 78.9%LWK30 (Behar)+21.1%Cornwall (1000 Genomes)@0.7815 79.1%LWK30 (Behar)+20.9%Orkney (1000 Genomes)@0.816 79.1%LWK30 (Behar)+20.9%Orcadian (HGDP)@0.817 83.5%ACB30+16.5%Castilla_Y_Leon (1000 Genomes)@0.818 79.8%Bantu_N.E. (HGDP)+20.2%Swedish (Dodecad)@0.819 91.2%ASW30 (HapMap3)+8.8%North_Italian (HGDP)@0.8220 83.2%ACB30+16.8%Extremadu

    ReplyDelete
  52. Please What dose this mean?
    # Population Percent
    1 NE-Euro 48.93
    2 Mediterranean 29.42
    3 Caucasian 9.92
    4 Baloch 8.67
    5 SW-Asian 1.07
    6 S-Indian 0.85
    7 Beringian 0.55
    8 American 0.38
    9 Pygmy 0.2
    10 Siberian 0.01

    Single Population Sharing:

    # Population (source) Distance
    1 n-european (xing) 4.63
    2 utahn-white (1000genomes) 5.59
    3 utahn-white (hapmap) 5.85
    4 hungarian (behar) 6.79
    5 british (1000genomes) 7.59
    6 slovenian (xing) 8.08
    7 french (hgdp) 9.03
    8 orcadian (hgdp) 9.7
    9 ukranian (yunusbayev) 14.59
    10 belorussian (behar) 19.09
    11 romanian-a (behar) 19.61
    12 mordovian (yunusbayev) 20.36
    13 russian (behar) 21.13
    14 spaniard (behar) 21.14
    15 bulgarian (yunusbayev) 21.88
    16 spaniard (1000genomes) 22.2
    17 russian (hgdp) 22.84
    18 italian (hgdp) 22.87
    19 lithuanian (behar) 25.06
    20 chuvash (behar) 27.48

    Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

    # Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
    1 79.1% utahn-white (hapmap) + 20.9% bulgarian (yunusbayev) @ 1.01
    2 77.3% utahn-white (hapmap) + 22.7% romanian-a (behar) @ 1.05
    3 81.5% n-european (xing) + 18.5% romanian-a (behar) @ 1.3
    4 83.1% n-european (xing) + 16.9% bulgarian (yunusbayev) @ 1.35
    5 92.6% n-european (xing) + 7.4% cypriot (behar) @ 1.39
    6 93.4% n-european (xing) + 6.6% armenian (behar) @ 1.4
    7 55.1% utahn-white (1000genomes) + 44.9% hungarian (behar) @ 1.4
    8 86.9% n-european (xing) + 13.1% tuscan (1000genomes) @ 1.43
    9 94.3% n-european (xing) + 5.7% georgian (behar) @ 1.53
    10 52.9% hungarian (behar) + 47.1% british (1000genomes) @ 1.53
    11 92.1% n-european (xing) + 7.9% turk-istanbul (hodoglugil) @ 1.55
    12 92.3% n-european (xing) + 7.7% turk-kayseri (hodoglugil) @ 1.56
    13 89.4% n-european (xing) + 10.6% ashkenazi (harappa) @ 1.57
    14 92.5% n-european (xing) + 7.5% turk (behar) @ 1.57
    15 94.2% n-european (xing) + 5.8% abhkasian (yunusbayev) @ 1.6
    16 93.9% n-european (xing) + 6.1% druze (hgdp) @ 1.61
    17 68.2% french (hgdp) + 31.8% belorussian (behar) @ 1.62
    18 93.6% n-european (xing) + 6.4% azerbaijan-jew (behar) @ 1.63
    19 90.2% n-european (xing) + 9.8% ashkenazy-jew (behar) @ 1.65
    20 91.1% n-european (xing) + 8.9% turk-aydin (hodoglugil) @ 1.67

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